Slip Resistance Test Methods Explained
April 19, 2025

- Pendulum Testing: Measures energy loss (PTV) on wet/dry surfaces. Ideal for public walkways.
- DCOF Measurement: Uses a tribometer to measure friction under wet conditions. Common for commercial floors and tiles.
- Oil-Wet Ramp Test: Assigns an R-rating based on the angle of slip on oil-coated surfaces. Used in industrial settings.
Quick Comparison
Test Method | Output | Best For |
---|---|---|
Pendulum Testing | PTV | Public walkways, corridors |
DCOF Measurement | DCOF value | Commercial tiles, floors |
Oil-Wet Ramp | R-rating | Industrial, greasy areas |
Key Takeaways:
- Test in both wet and dry conditions for accuracy.
- Regular inspections and proper maintenance are crucial.
- For durable, slip-resistant flooring, consider coatings like Penntek Evolution, designed for safety and longevity.
Let’s dive into the details of each method and how they align with safety standards.
Pendulum Test – Slip Resistance Test
Safety and Legal Requirements
OSHA, ADA, and IBC establish minimum slip resistance levels to reduce fall risks and limit liability for property owners and facility managers.
Key Safety Standards
Documentation of slip resistance testing is essential at various stages – during installation, routine inspections, after incidents, and when surfaces are altered. For industrial or high-traffic areas, especially those exposed to liquids, testing should be more frequent, with stricter slip resistance levels to ensure safety and compliance.
Up next, we’ll break down the main slip resistance test methods that align with these regulations.
Main Test Methods
Each test evaluates specific surface conditions to ensure safety and compliance.
Pendulum Testing
The Pendulum Test Device (PTD) uses a rubber-tipped arm that swings across a surface, measuring the energy loss as a Pendulum Test Value (PTV). This method works for both wet and dry surfaces and helps meet ADA and OSHA safety requirements.
DCOF Measurement
DCOF testing involves a tribometer, which measures the frictional resistance of coated or tiled floors. Multiple readings are taken in different directions under wet conditions to ensure they meet safety standards.
Oil-Wet Ramp Tests
In this test, an oil-coated surface is inclined while a participant stands on it. The angle is gradually increased until a slip occurs, assigning an R-rating. This method is commonly used for industrial settings with oil or grease, following OSHA guidelines.
Test Method | Measurement Output | Typical Applications |
---|---|---|
Pendulum | PTV | Public walkways, corridors |
DCOF | DCOF value | Commercial floors, tiles |
Oil-Wet Ramp | R-rating | Industrial floors, kitchens |
Next, we’ll take a closer look at the strengths and limitations of these methods.
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Test Method Analysis
When selecting slip resistance tests, align methods with your project’s specific requirements by considering the following factors:
- Application: Think about where the surface will be used, such as a public walkway or an industrial floor.
- Contaminants: Determine the type of substances the surface may encounter, like water, oil, or chemicals.
- Regulatory Standards: Ensure compliance with relevant guidelines, such as OSHA, ADA, or IBC.
- Conditions: Account for environmental factors, including whether the surface is indoors or outdoors and the expected temperature range.
- Inspection Frequency: Plan for testing intervals, whether daily, quarterly, or after installation.
Test Results and Standards
Once you’ve compared testing methods, it’s time to evaluate your data against established industry thresholds. Use these friction values to determine whether a surface meets the required pass/fail criteria. Keep in mind that factors like contaminants and temperature can impact results, so ensure tests are conducted under realistic conditions.
Wet vs. Dry Testing
To ensure accurate results, test surfaces with simulated water and other contaminants. This is especially important for areas like pool decks, patios, and garage floors, where conditions can vary. These tests help identify the lowest friction values and confirm the coating’s performance over time.
Coating Performance
Concrete coatings, such as Croc Coatings‘ Penntek Evolution system, are designed to provide dependable slip resistance in busy environments. Key features include:
- Chemical resistance: Maintains grip even when exposed to spills or cleaning agents.
- UV stability: Protects texture and friction in areas exposed to sunlight.
- Impact resistance: Preserves the surface profile under heavy foot or vehicle traffic.
It’s essential to check friction levels not only during installation but also after exposure to chemicals or significant wear. The Penntek system, backed by a lifetime warranty, offers four times the strength of standard epoxy coatings, ensuring durability and safety.
Summary
Consistent testing, monitoring, and maintenance are crucial for ensuring long-lasting slip resistance. Use methods like the Pendulum, DCOF, and oil-wet ramp tests in both wet and dry conditions. Regular inspections and proper upkeep help maintain slip resistance over time. For durable and compliant flooring, consider Croc Coatings’ Penntek Evolution system. This system is applied by Penntek™ Certified Installers and comes with a lifetime warranty.
Key points:
- Testing methods: Pendulum, DCOF, oil-wet ramp
- Test conditions: Wet and dry
- Applicable surfaces: Concrete and industrial coatings
Work with Penntek™ Certified Installers to ensure the system is applied correctly and backed by a lifetime warranty. Regular inspections are essential for maintaining both safety and warranty coverage.
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